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POWER OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
PA12 * PA12A
MICROTECHNOLOGY
HTTP://WWW.APEXMICROTECH.COM
(800) 546-APEX
(800) 546-2739
FEATURES
* * * * * * LOW THERMAL RESISTANCE -- 1.4 C/W CURRENT FOLDOVER PROTECTION -- NEW HIGH TEMPERATURE VERSION -- PA12H EXCELLENT LINEARITY -- Class A/B Output WIDE SUPPLY RANGE -- 10V to 50V HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT -- Up to 15A Peak
APPLICATIONS
* * * * * * MOTOR, VALVE AND ACTUATOR CONTROL MAGNETIC DEFLECTION CIRCUITS UP TO 10A POWER TRANSDUCERS UP TO 100kHz TEMPERATURE CONTROL UP TO 360W PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLIES UP TO 90V AUDIO AMPLIFIERS UP TO 120W RMS
POWER RATING
Not all vendors use the same method to rate the power handling capability of a Power Op Amp. APEX rates the internal dissipation, which is consistent with rating methods used by transistor manufacturers and gives conservative results. Rating delivered power is highly application dependent and therefore can be misleading. For example, the 125W internal dissipation rating of the PA12 could be expressed as an output rating of 250W for audio (sine wave) or as 440W if using a single ended DC load. Please note that all vendors rate maximum power using an infinite heatsink.
DESCRIPTION
The PA12 is a state of the art high voltage, very high output current operational amplifier designed to drive resistive, inductive and capacitive loads. For optimum linearity, especially at low levels, the output stage is biased for class A/B operation using a thermistor compensated base-emitter voltage multiplier circuit. The safe operating area (SOA) can be observed for all operating conditions by selection of user programmable current limiting resistors. For continuous operation under load, a heatsink of proper rating is recommended. This hybrid integrated circuit utilizes thick film (cermet) resistors, ceramic capacitors and semiconductor chips to maximize reliability, minimize size and give top performance. Ultrasonically bonded aluminum wires provide reliable interconnections at all operating temperatures. The 8-pin TO-3 package is hermetically sealed and electrically isolated. The use of compressible isolation washers voids the warranty.
THERMAL STABILITY
APEX has eliminated the tendency of class A/B output stages toward thermal runaway and thus has vastly increased amplifier reliability. This feature, not found in most other Power Op Amps, was pioneered by APEX in 1981 using thermistors which assure a negative temperature coefficient in the quiescent current. The reliability benefits of this added circuitry far outweigh the slight increase in component count.
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS
R CL+ +VS 3 CL+ 2 1 OUT OUTPUT TOP VIEW
EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC
3 Q2A D1 Q1 Q3 1 7 Q4 Q5 8 4 A1 5 C1 6 Q6A Q6B Q2B 2
+IN 4
-IN
5 6 -VS 7 F.O. 8 CL- R CL-
APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION * TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 * FAX (520) 888-3329 * ORDERS (520) 690-8601 * EMAIL prodlit@apexmicrotech.com
PA12 * PA12A
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +Vs to -Vs OUTPUT CURRENT, within SOA POWER DISSIPATION, internal INPUT VOLTAGE, differential INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode TEMPERATURE, pin solder -10s TEMPERATURE, junction1 TEMPERATURE RANGE, storage OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE, case PA12 TEST CONDITIONS
2, 5
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SPECIFICATIONS
PA12/PA12A 100V 15A 125W VS -3V VS 300C 200C -65 to +150C -55 to +125C PA12A MAX MIN TYP MAX UNITS
SPECIFICATIONS
PARAMETER INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. supply OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. power BIAS CURRENT, initial BIAS CURRENT, vs. temperature BIAS CURRENT, vs. supply OFFSET CURRENT, initial OFFSET CURRENT, vs. temperature INPUT IMPEDANCE, DC INPUT CAPACITANCE COMMON MODE VOLTAGE RANGE3 COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC GAIN OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz GAIN BANDWIDTH PRODUCT @ 1MHz POWER BANDWIDTH PHASE MARGIN OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING3 VOLTAGE SWING3 VOLTAGE SWING3 CURRENT, peak SETTLING TIME to .1% SLEW RATE CAPACITIVE LOAD CAPACITIVE LOAD POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE CURRENT, quiescent THERMAL RESISTANCE, AC, junction to case4 RESISTANCE, DC, junction to case RESISTANCE, junction to air TEMPERATURE RANGE, case NOTES: * 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. TC = -55 to +125C, F > 60Hz TC = -55 to +125C TC = -55 to +125C Meets full range specification Full temperature range TC = 25C 10 TC = 25C, PA12 = 10A, PA12A = 15A TC = 25C, IO = 5A Full temp. range, IO = 80mA TC = 25C TC = 25C, 2V step TC = 25C Full temperature range, AV = 1 Full temperature range, AV > 10 VS -6 VS -5 VS-5 10 2.5 TC = 25C, 1K load Full temp. range, 8 load TC = 25C, 8 load TC = 25C, 8 load Full temp. range, 8 load 96 13 TC = 25C Full temperature range TC = 25C TC = 25C TC = 25C Full temperature range TC = 25C TC = 25C Full temperature range TC = 25C TC = 25C Full temperature range Full temp. range, VCM = VS -6V MIN
TYP
VS -5 74
2 10 30 20 12 50 10 12 50 200 3 VS -3 100
6 65 200 30 500 30
* *
1 * * * 10 * * 5 * * * * *
3 40 * 20 * 10
mV V/C V/V V/W nA pA/C pA/V nA pA/C M pF V dB
110 108 4 20 20
* *
* * * * *
dB dB MHz kHz V V V A s V/s nF
* * * 15 2 4 1.5 SOA 40 25 45 50 * * * * * 50 *
*
* *
V mA C/W C/W C/W C
.8 1.25 30 -25
.9 1.4 +85 -55
* * *
* * +125
The specification of PA12A is identical to the specification for PA12 in applicable column to the left. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation to achieve high MTTF. The power supply voltage for all tests is 40, unless otherwise noted as a test condition. +VS and -VS denote the positive and negative supply rail respectively. Total VS is measured from +VS to -VS. Rating applies if the output current alternates between both output transistors at a rate faster than 60Hz. Full temperature range specifications are guaranteed but not 100% tested. The internal substrate contains beryllia (BeO). Do not break the seal. If accidentally broken, do not crush, machine, or subject to temperatures in excess of 850C to avoid generating toxic fumes.
CAUTION
APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION * 5980 NORTH SHANNON ROAD * TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 * USA * APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: 1 (800) 546-2739
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
PA12 * PA12A
NORMALIZED BIAS CURRENT, I B (X)
INTERNAL POWER DISSIPATION, P(W)
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0
POWER DERATING
BIAS CURRENT
2.5 CURRENT LIMIT, I LIM (A) 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.0 .7 .4 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 CASE TEMPERATURE, TC (C) 17.5 15.0 12.5 10.0 7.5 5.0 2.5
CURRENT LIMIT
RCL = .06 ,RFO =
VO =0
RCL = .18 ,RFO = 0
PA12
PA12A
VO = -2 4V
VO = 24V VO = 0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 CASE TEMPERATURE, TC (C)
0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 CASE TEMPERATURE, TC (C)
SMALL SIGNAL RESPONSE
120 OPEN LOOP GAIN, A (dB) 100 80 PHASE, () 60 40 20 0 -20 1 10 100 1K 10K .1M 1M 10M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 0 -30 -60 -90
PHASE RESPONSE
100 OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (VPP ) 68 46 32 22 15 10 6.8 4.6 10K
POWER RESPONSE
| +VS | + | -VS | = 100V
| +VS | - | -VS | = 80V | +VS | + | -VS | = 30V
-120 -150 -180 -210 1 10 100 1K 10K .1M 1M 10M FREQUENCY, F (Hz)
20K 30K 50K 70K .1M FREQUENCY, F (Hz)
COMMON MODE REJECTION, CMR (dB)
120 OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (V) 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 10 100 1K 10K .1M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 1M
8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 0 2 46 8 10 12 TIME, t (s)
VIN = 5V, t r = 100ns
INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE, VN (nV/ Hz)
COMMON MODE REJECTION
PULSE RESPONSE
INPUT NOISE
70 50 40 30 20
100
10 10
1K 100 10K FREQUENCY, F (Hz)
.1M
1.6 AV =10 VS = 37V RL = 4
W
1 DISTORTION, (%) .3 .1
1.4 NORMALIZED, IQ (X) 1.2 1.0 .8 .6 .4 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE, VS (V)
TC C = -25
VOLTAGE DROP FROM SUPPLY (V)
3
HARMONIC DISTORTION
QUIESCENT CURRENT
6 5
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING
-V0
=
10
0m
PO
=4
W
C T C = 25
4 3
+V0
.03 .01
PO
1 W 20
TC = 8
5C
5C T C = 12
2 1
= PO
.003 100
300 1K 3K 10K 30K .1M FREQUENCY, F (Hz)
0
3 6 9 12 OUTPUT CURRENT, I O (A)
15
APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION * TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 * FAX (520) 888-3329 * ORDERS (520) 690-8601 * EMAIL prodlit@apexmicrotech.com
PA12 * PA12A
GENERAL
Please read Application Note 1, which covers stability, supplies, heatsinking, mounting, current limit, SOA interpretation, and specification interpretation. Additional information can be found in the application notes. For information on the package outline, heatsinks, and mounting hardware, consult the "Accessory and Package Mechanical Data" section of the handbook.
OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS
SHORTTO VS C,L,OREMFLOAD .30A .58A .87A 1.5A 2.4A 2.9A 4.2A
VS
50V 40V 35V 30V 25V 20V 15V
SHORTTO COMMON 2.4A 2.9A 3.7A 4.1A 4.9A 6.3A 8.0A
SAFE OPERATING AREA (SOA)
The output stage of most power amplifiers has three distinct limitations: 1. The current handling capability of the transistor geometry and the wire bonds. 2. The second breakdown effect which occurs whenever the simultaneous collector current and collector-emitter voltage exceeds specified limits. 3. The junction temperature of the output transistors. The SOA curves combine the effect of all limits for this Power Op
OUTPUT CURRENT FROM +V S OR -VS (A)
15
t=
These simplified limits may be exceeded with further analysis using the operating conditions for a specific application.
CURRENT LIMITING
Refer to Application Note 9, "Current Limiting", for details of both fixed and foldover current limit operation. Visit the Apex web site at www.apexmicrotech.com for a copy of the Power Design spreadsheet (Excel) which plots current limits vs. steady state SOA. Beware that current limit should be thought of as a +/-20% function initially and varies about 2:1 over the range of -55C to 125C. For fixed current limit, leave pin 7 open and use equations 1 and 2. RCL = 0.65/LCL ICL = 0.65/RCL Where: ICL is the current limit in amperes. RCL is the current limit resistor in ohms. For certain applications, foldover current limit adds a slope to the current limit which allows more power to be delivered to the load without violating the SOA. For maximum foldover slope, ground pin 7 and use equations 3 and 4. 0.65 + (Vo * 0.014) ICL = RCL 0.65 + (Vo * 0.014) RCL = ICL Where: Vo is the output voltage in volts. Most designers start with either equation 1 to set RCL for the desired current at 0v out, or with equation 4 to set RCL at the maximum output voltage. Equation 3 should then be used to plot the resulting foldover limits on the SOA graph. If equation 3 results in a negative current limit, foldover slope must be reduced. This can happen when the output voltage is the opposite polarity of the supply conducting the current. In applications where a reduced foldover slope is desired, this can be achieved by adding a resistor (RFO) between pin 7 and ground. Use equations 4 and 5 with this new resistor in the circuit. 0.65 + Vo * 0.14 10.14 + RFO ICL = RCL 0.65 + Vo * 0.14 10.14 + RFO RCL = ICL Where: RFO is in K ohms. (6) (5) (4) (3) (1) (2)
10 5.0 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 .7 .5
TH
0.5
ER
t=
MA
ms
L
TC TC TC
t=
1m
=2 =8
5C 5C
5m
s
s
=1
25
ste
C
SECOND BREAKDOWN .3 15 10 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 100 SUPPLY TO OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE V S -VO (V)
Amp. For a given application, the direction and magnitude of the output current should be calculated or measured and checked against the SOA curves. This is simple for resistive loads but more complex for reactive and EMF generating loads. However, the following guidelines may save extensive analytical efforts. 1. Capacitive and dynamic* inductive loads up to the following maximum are safe with the current limits set as specified. VS 50V 40V 35V 30V 25V 20V 15V CAPACITIVELOAD ILIM = 5A ILIM = 10A 200F 500F 2.0mF 7.0mF 25mF 60mF 150mF 125F 350F 850F 2.5mF 10mF 20mF 60mF INDUCTIVELOAD ILIM = 5A ILIM = 10A 5mH 15mH 50mH 150mH 500mH 1,000mH 2,500mH 2.0mH 3.0mH 5.0mH 10mH 20mH 30mH 50mH
*If the inductive load is driven near steady state conditions, allowing the output voltage to drop more than 8V below the supply rail with ILIM = 15A or 25V below the supply rail with ILIM = 5A while the amplifier is current limiting, the inductor must be capacitively coupled or the current limit must be lowered to meet SOA criteria.
2. The amplifier can handle any EMF generating or reactive load and short circuits to the supply rail or common if the current limits are set as follows at TC = 25C:
This data sheet has been carefully checked and is believed to be reliable, however, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. All specifications are subject to change without notice. PA12U REV. M MARCH 1999 (c) 1999 Apex Microtechnology Corp.
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